ESL Vocabulary ( Fear )
1. Fear is a vital response to physical and emotional danger that has been pivotal throughout human evolution, but especially in ancient times when men and women regularly faced life-or-death situations.
2. Today, the stakes are lower, but while public speaking, elevators, and spiders don’t present the same type of immediately dire consequences that faced early man, some individuals still develop extreme fight-flight-or-freeze responses to specific objects or scenarios.
3. But when someone’s fear is persistent and specific to certain threat, and impairs his or her everyday life, that person might have what’s known as a specific phobia.
4. At least 60 percent of adults admit to having at least one unreasonable fear, although research to date is not clear on why these fears manifest.
5. One theory is that humans have a genetic predisposition to fear things that were a threat to our ancestors, such as snakes, spiders, heights, or water, but this is difficult to verify, although people who have a first-degree relative with a specific phobia appear more likely to have the same one.
A. Pivotal - adjective - of crucial importance in relation to the development of something
B. Stakes - noun - a sum of money or something else of value gambled on the outcome of a risky game or venture
C. Dire - adjective - extremely serious or urgent
D. Impair - verb - weaken or damage
E. Manifest - verb - show a quality by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate
F. Predisposition - noun - tendency to suffer from a particular condition, hold a particular attitude or act in a particular way